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I am a doctor whose interests include genetics, psychiatry, fitness, and politics.
The Unsilenced Science
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by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
New research shows that MAOA-2R induces violence and delinquency far more than the so-called “warrior gene,” MAOA-3R. It is also far more common in African-American men than white men. Plus, MAOA’s designation as a cancer gene could influence the development of therapies.... Read more »
Alpini G, Invernizzi P, Gaudio E, Venter J, Kopriva S, Bernuzzi F, Onori P, Franchitto A, Coufal M, Frampton G.... (2008) Serotonin metabolism is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma, which has implications for tumor growth. Cancer research, 68(22), 9184-93. PMID: 19010890
Beaver, K., Wright, J., Boutwell, B., Barnes, J., DeLisi, M., & Vaughn, M. (2013) Exploring the association between the 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene promoter polymorphism and psychopathic personality traits, arrests, incarceration, and lifetime antisocial behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2), 164-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.014
Brunner HG, Nelen MR, van Zandvoort P, Abeling NG, van Gennip AH, Wolters EC, Kuiper MA, Ropers HH, & van Oost BA. (1993) X-linked borderline mental retardation with prominent behavioral disturbance: phenotype, genetic localization, and evidence for disturbed monoamine metabolism. American journal of human genetics, 52(6), 1032-9. PMID: 8503438
Cases O, Seif I, Grimsby J, Gaspar P, Chen K, Pournin S, Müller U, Aguet M, Babinet C, & Shih JC. (1995) Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA. Science (New York, N.Y.), 268(5218), 1763-6. PMID: 7792602
Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, Taylor A, & Poulton R. (2002) Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5582), 851-4. PMID: 12161658
Crabtree, G. (2013) Our fragile intellect. Part II. Trends in Genetics, 29(1), 3-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.10.003
Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ, Miller A, & Kennedy MA. (2012) Moderating role of the MAOA genotype in antisocial behaviour. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 200(2), 116-23. PMID: 22297589
Gallardo-Pujol D, Andrés-Pueyo A, & Maydeu-Olivares A. (2012) MAOA genotype, social exclusion and aggression: an experimental test of a gene-environment interaction. Genes, brain, and behavior. PMID: 23067570
Guo, G., Roettger, M., & Cai, T. (2008) The Integration of Genetic Propensities into Social-Control Models of Delinquency and Violence among Male Youths. American Sociological Review, 73(4), 543-568. DOI: 10.1177/000312240807300402
Guo, G., Ou, X., Roettger, M., & Shih, J. (2008) The VNTR 2 repeat in MAOA and delinquent behavior in adolescence and young adulthood: associations and MAOA promoter activity. European Journal of Human Genetics, 16(5), 626-634. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201999
Huang L, Frampton G, Rao A, Zhang KS, Chen W, Lai JM, Yin XY, Walker K, Culbreath B, Leyva-Illades D.... (2012) Monoamine oxidase A expression is suppressed in human cholangiocarcinoma via coordinated epigenetic and IL-6-driven events. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 92(10), 1451-60. PMID: 22906985
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Mahmut, M., & Stevenson, R. (2012) Olfactory Abilities and Psychopathy: Higher Psychopathy Scores Are Associated with Poorer Odor Discrimination and Identification. Chemosensory Perception, 5(3-4), 300-307. DOI: 10.1007/s12078-012-9135-7
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McDermott R, Tingley D, Cowden J, Frazzetto G, & Johnson DD. (2009) Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) predicts behavioral aggression following provocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(7), 2118-23. PMID: 19168625
Moffitt, T., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2006) Measured Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychopathology. Concepts, Research Strategies, and Implications for Research, Intervention, and Public Understanding of Genetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 5-27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00002.x
Murphy SM, Puwanant A, Griggs RC, & Consortium for Clinical Investigations of Neurological Channelopathies (CINCH) and Inherited Neuropathies Consortium (INC) Consortia of the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network. (2012) Unintended effects of orphan product designation for rare neurological diseases. Annals of neurology, 72(4), 481-90. PMID: 23109143
Pietrangeli, P. (2004) Amine Oxidases and Tumors. NeuroToxicology, 25(1-2), 317-324. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00109-8
Reti IM, Xu JZ, Yanofski J, McKibben J, Uhart M, Cheng YJ, Zandi P, Bienvenu OJ, Samuels J, Willour V.... (2011) Monoamine oxidase A regulates antisocial personality in whites with no history of physical abuse. Comprehensive psychiatry, 52(2), 188-94. PMID: 21295226
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Scott, A., Bortolato, M., Chen, K., & Shih, J. (2008) Novel monoamine oxidase A knock out mice with human-like spontaneous mutation. NeuroReport, 19(7), 739-743. DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282fd6e88
Shih JC, Ridd MJ, Chen K, Meehan WP, Kung MP, Seif I, & De Maeyer E. (1999) Ketanserin and tetrabenazine abolish aggression in mice lacking monoamine oxidase A. Brain research, 835(2), 104-12. PMID: 10415365
Sjöberg, R., Ducci, F., Barr, C., Newman, T., Dell'Osso, L., Virkkunen, M., & Goldman, D. (2007) A Non-Additive Interaction of a Functional MAO-A VNTR and Testosterone Predicts Antisocial Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(2), 425-430. DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301417
Tuinier S, Verhoeven WMA, Scherders MJWT, Fekkes D, & Pepplinkhuizen L. (1995) Neuropsychiatric and biological characteristics of X-linked MAOA deficiency syndrome: A single-intervention case study. New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 11(4), 99-107. info:/
Wong CC, Caspi A, Williams B, Craig IW, Houts R, Ambler A, Moffitt TE, & Mill J. (2010) A longitudinal study of epigenetic variation in twins. Epigenetics : official journal of the DNA Methylation Society, 5(6), 516-26. PMID: 20505345
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
State SAT and ACT scores follow a North-South divide that somewhat fits the spread of racial diversity.... Read more »
Duckworth AL, Quinn PD, Lynam DR, Loeber R, & Stouthamer-Loeber M. (2011) Role of test motivation in intelligence testing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(19), 7716-20. PMID: 21518867
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
Early genome-wide association studies suggest a genetic propensity to thinness in Asians. I review how these kinds of studies might be able to reveal genetic racial differences in obesity and intelligence, and I address a few of the challenges to doing so.... Read more »
Belsky DW, Moffitt TE, Houts R, Bennett GG, Biddle AK, Blumenthal JA, Evans JP, Harrington H, Sugden K, Williams B.... (2012) Polygenic risk, rapid childhood growth, and the development of obesity: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study. Archives of pediatrics , 166(6), 515-21. PMID: 22665028
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, & Ogden CL. (2012) Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5), 491-7. PMID: 22253363
Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Meigs JB, Mayer-Davis E, Herring A, Yan S, Zhang B, Shufa D, & Popkin BM. (2012) Discordant Risk: Overweight and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese adults Gordon-Larsen: Overweight and Cardiometabolic Risk in China. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). PMID: 22714089
Granka, JM, Henn, BM, Gignoux, CR, Kidd, JM, Bustamante, CD, & Feldman, MW. (2012) Limited Evidence for Classic Selective Sweeps in African Populations. Genetics. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.144071
Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, Winkler TW, Qi L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Zillikens MC, Speliotes EK, Mägi R.... (2010) Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nature genetics, 42(11), 949-60. PMID: 20935629
Hsu FC, Lenchik L, Nicklas BJ, Lohman K, Register TC, Mychaleckyj J, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, & Carr JJ. (2005) Heritability of body composition measured by DXA in the diabetes heart study. Obesity research, 13(2), 312-9. PMID: 15800289
Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L.... (2011) Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nature genetics, 43(8), 753-60. PMID: 21706003
Lohmueller KE, Indap AR, Schmidt S, Boyko AR, Hernandez RD, Hubisz MJ, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Sunyaev SR, Nielsen R.... (2008) Proportionally more deleterious genetic variation in European than in African populations. Nature, 451(7181), 994-7. PMID: 18288194
MacArthur DG, Balasubramanian S, Frankish A, Huang N, Morris J, Walter K, Jostins L, Habegger L, Pickrell JK, Montgomery SB.... (2012) A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6070), 823-8. PMID: 22344438
Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C.... (2009) Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nature genetics, 41(2), 157-9. PMID: 19151714
Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, Vogel CI, Müller TD, Grallert H, Wichmann HE, Balkau B.... (2010) Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups. PLoS genetics, 6(4). PMID: 20421936
Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, Lango Allen H, Lindgren CM, Luan J, Mägi R.... (2010) Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nature genetics, 42(11), 937-48. PMID: 20935630
Tennessen JA, Bigham AW, O'Connor TD, Fu W, Kenny EE, Gravel S, McGee S, Do R, Liu X, Jun G.... (2012) Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6090), 64-9. PMID: 22604720
Zuk O, Hechter E, Sunyaev SR, & Lander ES. (2012) The mystery of missing heritability: Genetic interactions create phantom heritability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(4), 1193-8. PMID: 22223662
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
Here is the case that Trayvon Martin’s drug use and genetics could have influenced him to attack George Zimmerman.... Read more »
Amaladoss A, & O'Brien S. (2011) Cough syrup psychosis. CJEM, 13(1), 53-6. PMID: 21324299
Ivan Berlin, & Robert Anthenelli. (2001) Monoamine oxidases and tobacco smoking. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 4(01), 33-42. DOI: 10.1017/S1461145701002188
Christopher Chabris, Benjamin Hebert, Daniel Benjamin, Jonathan Beauchamp, David Cesarini, Matthijs van der Loos, Magnus Johannesson, Patrik Magnusson, Paul Lichtenstein, Craig Atwood.... (2012) Most Reported Genetic Associations with General Intelligence are Probably False Positives. Psychological Science. info:/
Duncan LE, & Keller MC. (2011) A critical review of the first 10 years of candidate gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry. The American journal of psychiatry, 168(10), 1041-9. PMID: 21890791
Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ, Miller A, & Kennedy MA. (2012) Moderating role of the MAOA genotype in antisocial behaviour. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 200(2), 116-23. PMID: 22297589
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Perbal L. (2012) THE 'WARRIOR GENE' AND THE MÃORI PEOPLE: THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GENETICISTS. Bioethics. PMID: 22494506
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Satoshi Yamaori, Yasuka Okamoto, Ikuo Yamamoto, & Kazuhito Watanabe. (2011) Cannabidiol, a Major Phytocannabinoid, As a Potent Atypical Inhibitor for CYP2D6. Drug Metabolism , 39(11), 2049-2056. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041384
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by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
SAT score distribution graphs shed new light on racial and gender disparities, while vindicating Larry Summers.... Read more »
Davies G, Tenesa A, Payton A, Yang J, Harris SE, Liewald D, Ke X, Le Hellard S, Christoforou A, Luciano M.... (2011) Genome-wide association studies establish that human intelligence is highly heritable and polygenic. Molecular psychiatry, 16(10), 996-1005. PMID: 21826061
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by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
A complete review of the SAT racial data reveals the relative stagnation of African Americans and Hispanic Americans, the rapid progress of Asian Americans, and a possible decline of whites.... Read more »
Buchmann, C., Condron, D., & Roscigno, V. (2010) Shadow Education, American Style: Test Preparation, the SAT and College Enrollment. Social Forces, 89(2), 435-461. DOI: 10.1353/sof.2010.0105
Eidelman S, Crandall CS, Goodman JA, & Blanchar JC. (2012) Low-Effort Thought Promotes Political Conservatism. Personality . PMID: 22427384
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by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
This essay disproves Steven Pinker’s extraordinary claim that “the racial disparity in American homicide has not always been with us” from The Better Angels of Our Nature.... Read more »
De La Cova C. (2010) Cultural patterns of trauma among 19th-century-born males in cadaver collections. American Anthropologist, 112(4), 589-606. PMID: 21132946
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by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
This is a preliminary review of Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker’s new book, The Better Angels of Our Nature. I reveal serious errors and distortions from his peer-reviewed sources.... Read more »
Widom CS, & Brzustowicz LM. (2006) MAOA and the "cycle of violence:" childhood abuse and neglect, MAOA genotype, and risk for violent and antisocial behavior. Biological psychiatry, 60(7), 684-9. PMID: 16814261
Weder N, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Massey J, Krystal JH, Gelernter J, & Kaufman J. (2009) MAOA genotype, maltreatment, and aggressive behavior: the changing impact of genotype at varying levels of trauma. Biological psychiatry, 65(5), 417-24. PMID: 18996506
Beaver KM, DeLisi M, Vaughn MG, & Barnes JC. (2010) Monoamine oxidase A genotype is associated with gang membership and weapon use. Comprehensive psychiatry, 51(2), 130-4. PMID: 20152292
Kevin Beaver, Ashley Sak, Jamie Vaske, & Jessica Nilsson. (2010) Genetic risk, parent–child relations, and antisocial phenotypes in a sample of African-American males. Psychiatry Research, 175(1-2), 160-164. info:/
Lu RB, Lee JF, Ko HC, Lin WW, Chen K, & Shih JC. (2002) No association of the MAOA gene with alcoholism among Han Chinese males in Taiwan. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology , 26(3), 457-61. PMID: 11999895
Lea R, & Chambers G. (2007) Monoamine oxidase, addiction, and the "warrior" gene hypothesis. The New Zealand medical journal, 120(1250). PMID: 17339897
Philibert RA, Gunter TD, Beach SR, Brody GH, & Madan A. (2008) MAOA methylation is associated with nicotine and alcohol dependence in women. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 147B(5), 565-70. PMID: 18454435
Philibert RA, Wernett P, Plume J, Packer H, Brody GH, & Beach SR. (2011) Gene environment interactions with a novel variable Monoamine Oxidase A transcriptional enhancer are associated with antisocial personality disorder. Biological psychology, 87(3), 366-71. PMID: 21554924
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
Here I review SAT score gender gaps by race, with special attention to the progress of Asian women. Plus, I detail the allele frequencies by race of body fat genes identified in a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.... Read more »
Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L.... (2011) Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nature genetics, 43(8), 753-60. PMID: 21706003
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
This is a look at the first study on the warrior gene’s effect on babies, and I reviewed the scientific literature on monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in women and Asians, including epigenetics and gene expression, and hormone-gene interactions in aggression.... Read more »
Zhang M, Chen X, Way N, Yoshikawa H, Deng H, Ke X, Yu W, Chen P, He C, Chi X.... (2011) The association between infants' self-regulatory behavior and MAOA gene polymorphism. Developmental science, 14(5), 1059-1065. PMID: 21884321
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
A new study that raised concerns about exercise should instead raise concerns about obesity.... Read more »
Claude Bouchard, Steven Blair, Timothy Church, Conrad Earnest, James Hagberg, Keijo Häkkinen, Nathan Jenkins, Laura Karavirta, William Kraus, Arthur Leon.... (2012) Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence?. PLOS One, 7(5). info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0037887
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
A new study that raised concerns about exercise should instead raise concerns about obesity.... Read more »
Claude Bouchard, Steven Blair, Timothy Church, Conrad Earnest, James Hagberg, Keijo Häkkinen, Nathan Jenkins, Laura Karavirta, William Kraus, Arthur Leon.... (2012) Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence?. PLOS One, 7(5). info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0037887
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
A new study that raised concerns about exercise should instead raise concerns about obesity.... Read more »
Claude Bouchard, Steven Blair, Timothy Church, Conrad Earnest, James Hagberg, Keijo Häkkinen, Nathan Jenkins, Laura Karavirta, William Kraus, Arthur Leon.... (2012) Adverse Metabolic Response to Regular Exercise: Is It a Rare or Common Occurrence?. PLOS One, 7(5). info:/10.1371/journal.pone.0037887
by nooffensebut in The Unsilenced Science
Early genome-wide association studies suggest a genetic propensity to thinness in Asians. I review how these kinds of studies might be able reveal genetic racial differences in obesity and intelligence, and I address a few of the challenges to doing so.... Read more »
Belsky DW, Moffitt TE, Houts R, Bennett GG, Biddle AK, Blumenthal JA, Evans JP, Harrington H, Sugden K, Williams B.... (2012) Polygenic risk, rapid childhood growth, and the development of obesity: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study. Archives of pediatrics , 166(6), 515-21. PMID: 22665028
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, & Ogden CL. (2012) Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5), 491-7. PMID: 22253363
Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Meigs JB, Mayer-Davis E, Herring A, Yan S, Zhang B, Shufa D, & Popkin BM. (2012) Discordant Risk: Overweight and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese adults Gordon-Larsen: Overweight and Cardiometabolic Risk in China. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). PMID: 22714089
Granka, JM, Henn, BM, Gignoux, CR, Kidd, JM, Bustamante, CD, & Feldman, MW. (2012) Limited Evidence for Classic Selective Sweeps in African Populations. Genetics. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.144071
Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, Winkler TW, Qi L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Zillikens MC, Speliotes EK, Mägi R.... (2010) Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nature genetics, 42(11), 949-60. PMID: 20935629
Hsu FC, Lenchik L, Nicklas BJ, Lohman K, Register TC, Mychaleckyj J, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, & Carr JJ. (2005) Heritability of body composition measured by DXA in the diabetes heart study. Obesity research, 13(2), 312-9. PMID: 15800289
Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L.... (2011) Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nature genetics, 43(8), 753-60. PMID: 21706003
Lohmueller KE, Indap AR, Schmidt S, Boyko AR, Hernandez RD, Hubisz MJ, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, Sunyaev SR, Nielsen R.... (2008) Proportionally more deleterious genetic variation in European than in African populations. Nature, 451(7181), 994-7. PMID: 18288194
MacArthur DG, Balasubramanian S, Frankish A, Huang N, Morris J, Walter K, Jostins L, Habegger L, Pickrell JK, Montgomery SB.... (2012) A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6070), 823-8. PMID: 22344438
Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C.... (2009) Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nature genetics, 41(2), 157-9. PMID: 19151714
Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, Vogel CI, Müller TD, Grallert H, Wichmann HE, Balkau B.... (2010) Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups. PLoS genetics, 6(4). PMID: 20421936
Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, Lango Allen H, Lindgren CM, Luan J, Mägi R.... (2010) Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nature genetics, 42(11), 937-48. PMID: 20935630
Tennessen JA, Bigham AW, O'Connor TD, Fu W, Kenny EE, Gravel S, McGee S, Do R, Liu X, Jun G.... (2012) Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6090), 64-9. PMID: 22604720
Zuk O, Hechter E, Sunyaev SR, & Lander ES. (2012) The mystery of missing heritability: Genetic interactions create phantom heritability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(4), 1193-8. PMID: 22223662
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